Five Number Summary Calculator

Calculate min, Q1, median, Q3, max, IQR, and detect outliers

Calculator

Statistics

Mathematics

Data Analysis

Enter Numbers

Enter at least 2 numbers. Accepts commas, spaces, semicolons, or newlines as separators.

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About This Tool

The Five Number Summary Calculator computes the five essential descriptive statistics for any dataset: the minimum, first quartile (Q1), median (Q2), third quartile (Q3), and maximum. It also calculates the interquartile range (IQR), range, mean, variance, standard deviation, and identifies potential outliers using the 1.5 × IQR rule.

A five-number summary is the foundation of a box plot (box-and-whisker plot), one of the most effective ways to visualize the distribution, spread, and skewness of data. The summary quickly reveals where the data is concentrated (the middle 50% between Q1 and Q3) and whether there are extreme values that may need further investigation.

You can also use our Coin Flip Probability Calculator for probability distributions, or our Performance Improvement Calculator for before-and-after analysis. For general mathematical conversions, try our Roman Numerals Converter.

Browse more Statistics tools for additional data analysis and probability calculators.

All processing happens in your browser — no data is sent to servers.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is a five-number summary?

A five-number summary is a descriptive statistics tool that summarizes a dataset using five key values: the minimum, first quartile (Q1), median (Q2), third quartile (Q3), and maximum. It provides a quick overview of the distribution, spread, and central tendency of your data.

How are quartiles calculated?

This calculator uses the standard method: Q1 is the median of the lower half of the sorted data, Q2 (median) is the middle value, and Q3 is the median of the upper half. When there is an even number of values, the median includes the two middle values averaged. The lower half includes all values below Q2, and the upper half includes all values above Q2.

What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

The interquartile range (IQR) measures the spread of the middle 50% of your data. It is calculated as Q3 − Q1. The IQR is less sensitive to outliers than the range, making it a robust measure of variability. You can learn more with our Performance Improvement Calculator for related statistical analysis.

How are outliers detected?

Outliers are detected using the 1.5 × IQR rule. Any value below Q1 − 1.5 × IQR (lower fence) or above Q3 + 1.5 × IQR (upper fence) is considered a potential outlier. This is the standard method used in box plot visualization.

Is my data processed securely?

All calculations happen entirely in your browser. No data is sent to any server. Your calculation history is stored locally on your device using localStorage.

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